Combustion and Performance Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Operating with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Hydroxy

Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (ICE) emerge as a promising solution more sustainable operation. This work assesses and performance of the dual-fuel operation in spark ignition (SI) engine that simultaneously integrates acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) hydroxy (HHO) doping. The study evaluates four fuel blends combine ABE 5, 10, an HHO volumetric flow rate 0.4 LPM. standalone gasoline served baseline comparison. We constructed experimental test bench to assess conditions, mode, emissions characteristics 3.5 kW-YAMAHA coupled alkaline electrolyzer. proposes thermodynamic models evaluate based on in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, temperature, properties, energy distribution, levels. Results indicate reduces pressure by 10–15% compared fuel. In contrast, boosted up 20%. temperature follow same trend, corroborating oxygen enrichment enhances combustion. raises consumption around 10–25 g∙kWh−1 depending load, whereas decreases 25%. shows potential mitigating CO, HC, smoke emissions, although NOx increased. implementation SI represents valuable tool controlling reducing while maintaining thermal efficiency.